Ankle pain is most often due to an ankle sprain which is an injury that causes a stretch or tear of one or more ligaments in the ankle joint. Ankle ligaments are probably the most sprained ligament in the body. Close to 26,000 people sprain their ankles every day. Although most ankle sprains occur on the outside part of the ankle, they can occur on the inside as well. An ankle twist is the most common sports injury to lead to ankle pain.
In addition to ankle sprains and other injuries, ankle pain may also be caused by arthritis, gout, pseudogout and infection.
Causes of Ankle Pain:
Strains:
Strains and sprains are the most common ankle injuries. A strain is the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon. A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments. Ligaments connect bone to bone. Sprains occur at a joint such as the ankle, knee, wrist, or finger.Twisting your ankle may cause stretching or tearing of the ligaments and tendons. With a strain or sprain you may hear or feel a snap, pop, or crack at the time of injury. This most often occurs on the outside of the ankle. Mild strains or sprains may cause mild to moderate pain and little or no swelling. The ankle can support weight, but usually a limp is apparent. Moderate sprains hurt more when you move, and swelling and tenderness increase. Walking is hard, and often crutches are needed for a few days.
Sprains :
A sprain is generally severe when the ligament and tendons are stretched or completely torn (ruptured). Severe sprains are accompanied by intense pain, swelling and tenderness, limited motion, and inability to walk or bear weight on the ankle. Moderate and severe sprains may cause bruising in the foot and toes, around the ankle, and up the side of the leg. Most sprains are on the outside of the ankle. Because of the strength of the ligament on the inner ankle often bone will give way before the ligament does. Pain on the inner ankle may be a fracture and should be x-rayed in most cases.
Achilles Tendinitis and Bursitis:
Achilles tendinitis and bursitis at the back of the ankle are very much alike. The Achilles tendon is a large, strong band that attaches the calf muscle to the heel. Underneath the Achilles tendon are bursas that may also become inflamed. Bursas are fluid-filled sacs that cushion movement within a joint.Symptoms of Achilles tendinitis include pain in the lower calf and back of the heel that is worse when you wake up in the morning and generally gets better as the ankle is “warmed up” with use. Occasionally, with an improper warm-up or sudden movement, the Achilles tendon can tear or even rupture. Any deformity in the calf should be seen by a doctor right away. Bursitis usually causes inflammation of a bursa at the back of the ankle, along with pain similar to that of tendinitis.
Common causes of tendinitis and bursitis in the ankle include tight calf muscles, overuse, sudden stress from a quick movement, and repeated motion such as running. Shoes are often the culprit. Switching from high heels or cowboy boots to flat shoes, or wearing shoes that fit poorly or provide inadequate support and cushioning, can also inflame tendons and bursas.
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