INFERTILITY Secondary infertility is generally defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after a year of unprotected and appropriately timed intercourse when one or both partners have previously conceived children. Both male and female factors may be involved and in about one-quarter of the cases the cause is multi-factorial.

The most prevalent cause of secondary infertility may be age. Much has been written about aging and women’s fertility. Women are born with all of the oocytes they will ever have and female fertility peaks in the mid-twenties to mid-thirties. Menopause, of course, occurs when there are no more oocytes. The decrease in fertility by 35 years of age is marked. By age 40 the spontaneous pregnancy rate is significantly lowered and at age 45 the chances of natural conception with unprotected and well timed intercourse are, at best, approximately 6% per cycle. Older oocytes (eggs) have been around longer and have been exposed to more environmental factors which may contribute to a decrease in egg quality. Single gene mutations may be responsible for spontaneous interruption of early pregnancies therefore it is not surprising that along with the decrease in natural pregnancy rate comes an age related increase in spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) rate. When one also considers that many spontaneous abortions occur before a woman even knows that she is pregnant it is easy to see why female age is a significant factor in the etiology of secondary infertility. Less has been written about male age and fertility. Men, after all, normally go on producing new sperm throughout their adult life. Newer studies, however, have shown a decrease in both the quality and quantity of sperm produced by older men. Thus paternal age is no longer an insignificant factor to consider.

One factor that occasionally contributes to the creation of a secondarily infertile couple is the introduction of a “new partner”. A female or male who has previously successfully conceived may become secondarily infertile with a new partner. Successful conception relies upon the production of healthy sperm and oocytes that meet and fuse in a supportive environment. Interruption of any step along this complex pathway may result in infertility. In women, tubal blockage and abdominal adhesives are responsible about one third of the time for the diagnosis of infertility, ovulatory issues (anovulation, premature ovarian failure, ovulation irregularities) are responsible about 25% of the time though this, as previously mentioned, increases significantly with age and uterine factors (including endometriosis, a condition where uterine tissues are located outside of the uterus) are thought to be a contributing factor in approximately 30% of. Once again, it is important to remember that there may be multiple etiologies in the same couple and that many of these etiologies may develop after the first successful conception. In men, acquired defects in spermatogenesis, blockage in the semen delivery system and impotence are the primary contributing factors to infertility. Some of the causes of these problems are relatively reversible and easy to correct others less so.

Proper weight and good nutrition are important. Obesity interferes with ovulation as does excessively low body fat percentages. Tobacco use leads to decreased fertility via several different mechanisms. The use of alcohol and recreational drugs can not only decrease the quality of gametes (oocytes and sperm) but also impair judgment leading one into situations where other fertility challenging issues may arise.

Multiple sexual partners increase the risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI’s). STI’s may cause decreases in fertility due to inflammation and scarring in the reproductive tract (pelvic inflammatory disease in women, epidydimitis in men). Some STI’s have a relatively silent presentation. All suspicious signs or symptoms (pelvic pain, abnormal discharge, pain or burning on urination) should be promptly evaluated by the appropriate health care professional. Stress has definitely been shown to increase infertility rates; conversely faith, hope, prayer and support groups have all been shown to increase fertility rates.

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For man Only Infertility is a common problem. Factors responsible for infertility affect both the man and the woman. The major cause of male infertility is failure to produce enough healthy sperm, such as azoospermia, oligospermia, defective sperm, due to impotence, premature ejaculation, chronic symptoms, sexually transmitted disease, toxins such as alcohol, cigarettes, or various drugs.

Causes of Childlessness:- Once married, every couple expects to have their own babies. It is their first and foremost dream. But it is impossible to predict when an individual couple will succeed in achieving pregnancy. There are many reasons for this, including the fact that some eggs do not fertilize and some of the fertilized eggs do not grow well in the early developmental stage. However over a period of one year the chance of achieving a successful pregnancy is between 80% to 90%. In other words 7 out of 8 couple will be on their way to becoming parents with in a year. These are the normal “fertile” couples and the rest are labeled as “infertile”. And if you have been having sexual intercourse two or three times a week, at about the time of ovulation without any form of birth control for a year or more and have not become pregnant, you meet the definition of being “infertile”. Couples who have never has a child are said to have “primary infertility”, those women who have become pregnant at least once, but are unable to conceive again said to have “secondary infertility”.

Eminent Unani Hakeem describes that the chances of achieving pregnancy for a couple in a given cycle depend upon many factors, and the most important ones are: -
The age of the woman. As age increase the number of eggs and their quality starts decreases.

Frequency of intercourse, couples who have less frequent intercourse have diminished chance of conceiving.

“Trying time” that is how long the couples have been trying to get pregnant. This is an important concept. The longer a couple has been trying to conceive without success, the lesser their chances of getting pregnant without medical help.
The presence of fertility problems.

According to a saying if infertile couples had more than 100 years, in which to breed, most wives would not get pregnant without any treatment at all. Yet time is at premium, so the odds need to be improved. And this where medical treatment comes in and effectively speaking unani herbalism steps in.

Beyond these conditions there are vital points one has to remember to enhance one’s fertility potential.

WOMEN who are significantly overweight or underweight can face difficulties in getting pregnant. Proper diet and exercise are important for optimal reproductive function. Here excessive exercise can also adversely affect ovulation.

1. smoking : -Women who smokes take longer to conceive. In men, smoking decreases sperm count.

2. alcoholism: -Alcohol intake in men decreases sperm & excessive alcohol consumption leads to erctile dysfunction. In women it causes abnormalities in pregnancy.

3.MEDICINE :- Regular medications of modern medicine in certain ailments like ulcer, high blood pressure etc, causes low sperm count & negative side effects that causes infertility problems in both man & woman.

4.drug addiction: - Drugs such as marijuana, opium anabolic steroids cause infertility. And also it is desirable to limit the intake of tea, coffee, soft drinks which contains caffeine

Here unani herbalism have solutions to rectify the damages occur due to the above cited reasons. So do not loose heart. In modern medicine, in order to understand why pregnancy does not occur, they examine four critical areas, which are needed to make baby-eggs, fallopian tubes, sperm and embryo implantation. The required tests, which often seem endless, will actually fall into one of these areas. In 40% with the female and in 10% both partners will have a problem. About 10% of the cases, no specific causes can be identifies even after exhaustive testing. Modern medicine calls this “Unexplained infertility” simply means the doctors do not know why the couples are infertile- it is a confession of the ignorance of modern medicine.

“Unani herbalism” the science of life with its vast experience, ceaseless research & traditional knowledge solves this ‘unexplained infertility’ also.

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